23,232,391 self-identified indigenous people (19.41%). Furthermore, this will reduce the number of steps taken in order to process and receive a response. [72], The Law of Linguistic Rights of the Indigenous Languages recognizes 62 indigenous languages as "national languages" which have the same validity as Spanish in all territories where they are spoken. The majority of the Spanish population are Mestizo Mexicans. The Bureau of Indian Affairs provides funding and grant programs to assist communities, reservations, and tribes in making improvements to their facilities that will benefit their members. It is thought that the Mexicas were the first people to settle here. During the early colonial era in central Mexico, Spaniards were more interested in access to indigenous labor than land ownership. 3. With them conquering Mexico, they gained a new colony in the Americas which they exploited. Therefore, it is no surprise that they have made substantial contributions to public health. [67] Some parents do not teach their children their indigenous language, and some children refuse to learn their indigenous language for fear of discrimination. [69] The Mexican government increased militarization of indigenous areas has made women more susceptible to harassment through military abuses. For many reasons, including the Ice Age that occurred after the original migration(s), the people of North and South America were genetically isolated for many thousands of years. There are sometimes scholarships and grants available, mostly by the individual tribes themselves, for their official members. They did not give up their land for the sake of giving it up. One of the benefits that Indigenous people can receive is Native American Home Loan Programs. Currently, there are fourteen main Indigenous Americas regions on Ancestry DNA: All of the people with DNA from any of the regions above have ancestors who were the original inhabitants of North and South America. And if no indigenous community claims you, it's a little bit presumptuous to be running around saying 'I am, therefore, Native American.'" The institution of the encomienda, a crown grant of the labor of indigenous communities to conquerors was a key element of the imposition of Spanish rule. According to the constitutional reform of 2001, the following rights of indigenous peoples are recognized:[62]. The best way to find out how you may have inherited your Indigenous Americas DNA is to begin tracing your family tree. These came to be when the US Congress passed the Section 184 Indian Housing Loan Guarantee Program. The second was that the encomenderos were monopolizing indigenous labor, excluding newly arriving Spaniards. If you are 12.5% American Indian or one-eighth blood quantum, you have one great-grandparent. [40] This was a stark contrast to the viewpoints of colonists that saw the land purely in an economic way where land could be transferred between individuals. Native Americans, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians used fire to clear areas for crops and travel, to manage the land for . [40] Indigenous people use collective property so that the aforementioned services that the land provides are available to the entire community and future generations. [67], Indigenous women are often taken advantage of because they are women, indigenous, and often poor. In Yucatn, Mayas waged a protracted war against local Mexican control in the Caste War of Yucatn, which was most intensely fought in 1847 and lasted until 1915. Mexico Set to Legalize Marijuana, Becoming World's Largest Market. The states with the largest indigenous population are Oaxaca and Yucatn, with the latter having the highest percentage of indigenous population in its own territory. Columbus, in his voyage, sought fame and fortune, as did his Spanish sponsors. The capital of the empire, Tenochtitlan, became one of the largest urban centers in the world, with an estimated population of 350,000 inhabitants. Alternatively, those who show Indigenous Americas North in their results can look to ancestors in what is now the Eastern, Northern, or Southern United States to find their Native American roots. Others, on the other hand, have and do, and many do it with joy, wondering why it has taken so long for them to achieve it. Each tribe has its own customs and traditions, and they all contribute to the rich tapestry of Mexican culture. The history of Mexican and Native American relations is a long and complicated one. Be entitled to the estate and land property modalities established by this constitution and its derived legislation, to all private property rights and communal property rights as well as to use and enjoy in a preferential way all the natural resources located at the places which the communities live in, except those defined as strategic areas according to the constitution. What Was the Immigration Process at Ellis Island Like? This is due to the randomness of genetic . They often associated together by their common language and culture. (Nahua), Mara Sabina, curandera and farmer. [67] Examples include Jacinta Francisca Marcial, an indigenous woman imprisoned for her alleged involvement in a 2006 kidnapping. ~ 3046%. The indigenous people of the AmericasAmerican Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs)have practiced the art of medicine and wellness for many thousands of years. The "indigenous Americas-Mexico" ethnicity group has a ton of subgroups, which also have subgroups. [26][27][31] However, these codes were often ignored in practice, and racial discrimination was prevalent in New Spain.[32][33]. On paternal grandfather my great grandmother was from the Bannock Tribe in Idaho and my great grandfather was Western Shoshone, Owyhee, Nevada. Who is Parent 1 or Parent 2 on Ancestry DNA? Indigenous communities do this when they do not have the legal evidence to claim the land. The Mexican census does not classify individuals by race, using the cultural-ethnicity of indigenous communities that preserve their indigenous languages, traditions, beliefs, and cultures. [122] Thus the observed frequency of Native American mtDNA in Mexican/Mexican Americans is higher than was expected on the basis of autosomal estimates of Native American admixture for these populations i.e. It is possible for people who have no known ancestry in North or South America to have inherited DNA from distant, unknown ancestors from those regions. The Mayo joined their Yaqui neighbors in rebellion after 1867. Having an indigenous American-Mexican ancestry is different from having an indigenous American-Mexican DNA. There is no such thing as a Mexican-genetically predisposed person, and this is due to what has occurred throughout history. This is because there's a difference between lineage and DNA. Displaying groups with more than 20,000 and less than 100,000 speakers of a native language. Plus, find out how to trace your indigenous ancestry. However, the first educational policies for indigenous peoples did not work because they reduced the number of indigenous speakers with Spanish language literacy. Whether you got 1%, 10% or 100% Indigenous Americas DNA on your Ancestry DNA results, you are in excellent company. Indigenous populations are more likely to suffer from health problems than non-Indigenous populations. European rivals raced to create sugar plantations in the . (Otomi), Armando Manzanero, musician, singer and composer. [17][pageneeded], During the conquest of the Aztec Empire, the Spanish conquistadors allied with other ethnic groups in the region, including the Tlaxcaltecs. Renewable energy is essential for reaching climate change mitigation goals and sustainable development (Allen, Metternicht & Wiedmann, 2019). Indigenous Languages of Mexico: Online dictionary files for several Mexican Indian . [77] That is, less than half of those identified as indigenous. Autonomy carries the promise of resolving longstanding distributive inequalities between indigenous and non-indigenous groups. Despite the conditions, the Mogollon culture and Peoples established urban population centers at Casas Grandes and Cuarenta Casas in a vast territory that encompassed northern Chihuahua state and parts of Arizona and New Mexico in the United States.[18][19]. Evidence has been found on the existence of polyethnic communities or neighborhoods in Teotihuacan (and other large urban areas like Tenochtitlan).[21][22]. The reason for this is that Northern Mexican regions have a higher rate of Spanish heritage than other parts of Mexico. Help what does this mean. [4] New Philology scholars have utilized the colonial-era alphabetic documentation to illuminate the colonial experience of Mesoamerican peoples from their own viewpoints. There are more than five million Americans that identify as Native American. For many millenia, fire was integral to many Indigenous peoples' way of life. There are no tests on Genomelink; only DNA samples are taken, which when uploaded, gives you more information about your DNA. Its difficult to argue that defining oneself as Chicano or Chicana is important to Mexican Americans. Indigenous Americas Bolivia and Peru (includes Peru, Bolivia, and parts of Ecuador), Indigenous Americas Central (spans across Central America), Indigenous Americas Colombia and Venezuela, Indigenous Americas Mexico (includes the southeastern United States), Indigenous Americas Panama and Costa Rica, Indigenous Americas North (covers most of the United States and parts of Canada). A similar celebration is the Atlixcayotl in Atlixco, Puebla. Since the Spanish colonization, the North and Bajio regions of Mexico have had lower percentages of indigenous peoples, but some notable groups include the Rarmuri, the Tepehun, the Yaquis, and the Yoreme. In recent years, there has been an increasing acknowledgement of the contributions of indigenous Mexicans to the countrys history and culture. The Mexican census does not classify individuals by race, only the cultural-ethnicity of indigenous communities that preserve their indigenous languages, traditions, beliefs and cultures. Federally Recognized Indian Tribes The U.S. government officially recognizes 574 Indian tribes in the contiguous 48 states and Alaska. Chicana is a contentious term that has been used. This means that you should research your family beginning with your parents and find documents connecting each generation as you work back in history towards your indigenous ancestor. To obtain information about your eligibility for membership, you must contact the tribe. [63], In 2003, the General Law of Linguistic Rights of the Indigenous Peoples explicitly stated the protection of individual and collective linguistic rights of indigenous peoples. [67] After three years and the assistance of Amnesty International, she was released for lack of evidence. [72], Some indigenous groups, particularly the Yucatec Maya in the Yucatn Peninsula[73][74] and some of the Nahua and Otomi peoples in central states have maintained higher levels of development while indigenous peoples in states such as the Guerrero[75] or Michoacn[76] are ranked drastically lower than the average Mexican citizen in these fields. [80][81], The majority of the indigenous population is concentrated in the central and southern states. [69] The law is not fully enforced but shows solidarity between the indigenous movement and women. [citation needed], The Mexican Indigenous communities are enriched on celebrations, traditional costumes, oral heritage, medicine, literature, architecture and music by gender-separated groups. Indigenous communities were incorporated as communities under Spanish rule. All About the Ancestry Update October 2019. All Indians are subject to federal income taxes. [69] Indigenous women use national and international legislation to support their claims that go against cultural norms such as domestic violence. [52], In spite of the official recognition of indigenous peoples, the economic underdevelopment of their communities, accentuated by the crises of the 1980s and 1990s, has not allowed for the development of most indigenous communities. [35] Catholicism, often with local characteristics, was the only permissible religion in the colonial era. [citation needed], Literacy rates are much lower for the indigenous, particularly in the southwestern states of Guerrero and Oaxaca due lack of access to education and a lack of educational literature available in indigenous languages. Olmec, Izapa, Teotihuacan, Maya, Zapotec, Mixtec, Huastec, Purpecha, Tonac, Toltec, and Aztec, which flourished for nearly 4,000 years, were among the early advanced Mesoamerican civilizations. [68] These efforts have been criticized on grounds that teachers do not know the indigenous language or do not prioritize its teaching. Native American families with children have lower rates than the state as a whole when it comes to parents having secure (full-time, year-round) employment. The communities shall be authorized to associate with each other in order to achieve such goals. Conditional cash transfer programs such as Oportunidades have been used to encourage indigenous women to seek formal health care. As a result, many indigenous groups have resorted to creating their own small community educational institutions. Through the repartimiento, indigenous peoples were obligated to perform low-paid labor for a certain number of weeks or months on Spanish enterprises, notably silver mining. [64] Under ejidos, indigenous communities have usufruct rights of the land. You may not find a perfect match, and it may be unclear whether or not you have Native American ancestry at all. [13] According to the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Data Processing (INEGI), approximately 6.7% of the population speaks an indigenous language. Native Americans, who were living in America originally, were much different than the Europeans arriving at the New World; they had a different culture, diet, and religion. [17] This strategy succeeded due to discontent with Aztec rule, which demanded tributes and used conquered peoples for ritual sacrifice. If you have ancestors who are from a country with close ties to any North or South American country, and you were surprised to have Indigenous Americas DNA, you should take a closer look at the family tree of those ancestors to find your connection to indigenous North or South America. by John P. Schmal | Mar 8, 2020 | Aguascalientes, Genealogy. The "Great Dying" of Indigenous populations in the Americas after the arrival of Europeans is the largest human mortality event in proportion to the global population, putting it second in absolute terms only to World War II. However, in the 2010 census, this approach was changed and the Government also began to collect data on people 3 years and older. Answer (1 of 27): Well, the difference is that Mexicans are citizens of Mexico, which is a fully idependent nation, recognized by the international community. Their reign was marked by widespread bloodshed and destruction as a result of their conquest. This further excluded indigenous languages from power structures. To make it into the AncestryDNA reference panel, people need two things: a paper trail that proves their family history, and DNA confirmation of their ethnicity. This means that if you have Indigenous Americas DNA, you have a Native American ancestor, most likely from the region specified on your results. You can also test your family members to see if they are indigenous to the Americas. [69], The EZLN accepted a Revolutionary Law for Women on March 8, 1993. The result of this genetic isolation means that DNA from this region is easily identified on DNA ethnicity tests. Within their genome, however, the connection persists. [40] Once the land of the indigenous people and therefore their livelihood was taken from them, they became dependent on those that had land and power. Chicano, which was first used to describe a Mexican American who was proud of his or her Mexican heritage, first appeared in the 1930s. They had wealth and they were rich. (Mazatec), Francisco Toledo, activist, and painter. When you are thinking about your family tree, sometimes its good to think outside of the box. Indigenous labor was no longer monopolized by a small group of conquerors and their descendants but apportioned to a larger group of Spaniards. What is the Egypt DNA Region on Ancestry? Mexican Americans are now a significant part of the American landscape. The application process for tribe-related benefits, such as grants for communities or development funding, is unique to each tribe. Scam sober homes in Phoenix use Native Americans to enroll for healthcare benefits under the Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System, which partners with the federal Indian Health Service to . [5], The category of indigena (indigenous) can be defined narrowly according to linguistic criteria including only persons that speak one of Mexico's 89 indigenous languages, this is the categorization used by the National Mexican Institute of Statistics. Alcohol [66] After independence in 1821, there was a shift to Spanish to legitimize the Mexican Spanish created by Mexican criollos. There are many different Mexican tribes, each with their own unique culture and history. The indigenous population of Mexico has in recent decades increased both in absolute numbers as-well as a percentage of the population. For example, the General Law on Linguistic Rights of Indigenous People guarantees the right to a trial in the language of indigenous peoples with someone who understands their culture. According to this article, indigenous peoples are granted: The Law of Linguistic Rights of the Indigenous Languages recognizes 89 indigenous languages as national languages, which have the same validity as Spanish in all territories where they are spoken. I have been told all my live that I'am Native American "Cherokee". White Mexicans argued about what the solution was to the "Indian Problem", that is indigenous who continued to live in communities and were not integrated politically or socially as citizens of the new republic. Autosomal Test. (Nahua), Marisol Ceh Moo, activist, and writer. The indigenous language speaking population has been increasing in absolute numbers for decades, but have nonetheless been falling in proportion to the national population. [57] In 1996 the San Andrs Larrinzar Accords were negotiated between the Zapatista Army of National Liberation and the Mexican government. Additionally, most tribes recognized by governments, if not all, dont accept DNA testing as evidence for membership. [69] Indigenous traditions have been used as a pretext by the Mexican government to deny rights to indigenous women, such as the right to own land. The second article of the Constitution of Mexico recognizes and enforces the right of indigenous peoples and communities to self-determination and autonomy to: V. Preserve and improve their habitat as well as preserve the integrity of their lands in accordance with this constitution. [81][14][83][84] Indigenous peoples are also more likely to live in rural areas, but many reside in urban or suburban areas, particularly in the central states of Mexico, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Mexico City and the Yucatn Peninsula. That's about 1.5 percent of the population. Dynamics of racism and discrimination that exist within Mexico also exist within Mexican-American immigrant communities. In the United States, the majority of people who identify as Mexican Americans have at least a trace of Spanish ancestry. According to the studys lead author, David Reich, a genetics professor at Harvard Medical School, the findings provide a powerful new way to learn about the history and diversity of Mexico. But the poverty of the communities and the lack of teachers in indigenous languages limited progress in writing in the mother language. the thing is my mother was born in Cuba, but is not history on her parents, since she doesn't know, anything about the pass, she was raised by her adopted father only and he pass away long time ago. Although Native Americans can, of course, also get general welfare-related benefits, food stamps, and healthcare coverage, there are options specific to their standing as a member of one of the 570+ recognized NA tribes. In 2019, BIA services will receive a budget of more than $2 billion. Native American, also called American Indian, Amerindian, Amerind, Indian, aboriginal American, or First Nation person, member of any of the aboriginal peoples of the Western Hemisphere, although the term often connotes only those groups whose original territories were in present-day Canada and the United States. Mesoamerican civilization, the complex of indigenous cultures that developed in parts of Mexico and Central America prior to Spanish exploration and conquest in the 16th century. The Native American Mexicans who hold the poor number or population have it far worse. [56], The government has made certain legislative changes to promote the development of rural and indigenous communities and the promotion of indigenous languages. They are often also referred to as "Native Americans" or "American Indians," although such terms are also commonly applied to those tribes who inhabit what is now the United States.The word "Indian" was an invention of Christopher . Its primary agricultural products are sugar cane, maize, milk, oranges, sorghum, tomatoes, poultry, wheat, green chillies/peppers and eggs. They perceive Native Americans receive free housing, healthcare, education, and food; government checks each month, and income without the burden of taxes. They were the ones who created Mexico as it is today. They are the descendants of the people who first inhabited the Americas. And before COVID-19, tribal businesses and governments supported 1.1 million jobs, 915,000 of them held by non-Native Americans. [68] According to the Mexican National Human Rights Commission, Mexico has not abided by this law. [14] The recognition of indigenous languages and the protection of indigenous cultures is granted not only to the ethnic groups indigenous to modern-day Mexican territory but also to other North American indigenous groups that migrated to Mexico from the United States[15] in the nineteenth century and those who immigrated from Guatemala in the 1980s. Other resources about American Indian history, culture and society in Mexico: Ethnologue Report for Mexico: Demographic information about the Indian languages of Mexico. In the Americas, "first contact" almost always refers to first contact between indigenous peoples and Europeans in the 16th and 17th centuries.. Indigenous Americas aims to create a new benchmark of excellence for publications in this field, pushing the traditional boundaries of Native American studies while recognizing its strengths and applications across the academy and society. These people are often referred to (in English) as Native American, First Nations, American Indian, Amerindian, Aboriginal, or Indigenous People of the Americas. Their contributions to the country are enormous, and they are a diverse group of people. They are proud of their culture and traditions, and they strive to keep their heritage alive. For example, people who have Indigenous Americas Andes on their results and have known ancestor from Chile or Peru can be confident that their heritage includes ancestry from indigenous peoples in that region. [6] The 2020 Censo General de Poblacin y Vivienda reported 11.8 million people living in households where someone speaks an indigenous language, and 23,232,391 people who self-identify as indigenous. It is well documented that white Americans have made it their policy to believe that Mexicans are inferior and should be scapegoats. As I mentioned previously in this post, we know that the original inhabitants of the Americas were all descended from a relatively small number of people who came originally from Asia. Over 80% of the Indigenous population in Latin America is in Mexico, Bolivia, Guatemala and Peru, These Indigenous communities of Latin America are now facing threats of losing their individuality, culture and traditional values because of the trespassing of nation states to their territories in the name of development. Detail. This means that the percentage of the Mexican population defined as "indigenous" varies according to the definition applied; cultural activists have referred to the usage of the narrow definition of the term for census purposes as "statistical genocide".[11][12]. The population of children aged 0 to 2 years in homes where the head of household or a spouse spoke an indigenous language was 678 954. [44], The Mexican War of Independence was a decade-long struggle ending in 1821, in which indigenous peoples participated for their own motivations. Indigenous health has been negatively affected by colonization, as well as the long-term effects of colonization. Over 50,000 people are estimated to be Mixtec, an indigenous group from the La Mixteca region of Western Oaxaca, as well as parts of Puebla and Guerrero. [78], The recognition of indigenous languages and the protection of indigenous cultures is granted not only to the ethnic groups indigenous to modern-day Mexican territory, but also to other North American indigenous groups that migrated to Mexico from the United States[15] in the nineteenth century and those who immigrated from Guatemala in the 1980s.[80][81][16]. The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Americas, their descendants, and many ethnic groups who identify with those peoples. This can be attributed to hundreds of years of mestizaje, or mixture, as well as colonized thinking. are indigenous peoples from Mexico, in addition to the Spanish: gente indgena de Mxico. During the height of the Chicano Movement, activists spoke out against the status quo. In more recent years, the two groups have worked together in areas such as economic development and cultural preservation. According to several analysts, the privatization of ejidos has undermined the economic base of indigenous communities. So, the Spanish had many benefits from conquering Mexico. Mxico", https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_d_oax_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_yuc_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_cam_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_chs_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_hgo_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_qroo_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_pue_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_gro_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_ver_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_mor_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_tab_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_mic_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_slp_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_tla_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_nay_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_mex_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_son_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_col_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_qro_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_bcs_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_chh_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_sin_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_cdmx_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_dgo_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_bc_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_jal_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_tam_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_nl_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_gto_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_ags_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_zac_05_etnicidad.xlsx, https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/ampliado/cpv2020_a_coa_05_etnicidad.xlsx, "Mitochondrial versus nuclear admixture estimates demonstrate a past history of directional mating", 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199702)102:2<153::AID-AJPA1>3.0.CO;2-#, "People from Mexico show stunning amount of genetic diversity", "The genetics of Mexico recapitulates Native American substructure and affects biomedical traits", "La Desigualdad Educativa en los Pueblos Indgenas", "La gastronoma de Raquel Torres Cerdn: "cuando uno come, evoca", "Composicin tnica de las Tres reas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI", Universidad Autnoma del Estado de Mxico, Comisin Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indgenas, Comisin Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indigenas, Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia, Mexico and Southwest USA Native Y-DNA Project, Virtual museum of the indigenous languages of Mexico, Information about the Native American tribes that historically lived on the US-Mexico Border, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_peoples_of_Mexico&oldid=1134958177. 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